Class 9 Economics SST The story of village Palampur
MCQs
1.Which of the following is grown in the rainy season?
Q.2. Which of the following is a Rabi crop?
(a) Wheat (b) Rice
(c) Cotton (d) Jowar and bajra
Q.3. Which of the following is fixed capital?
(a) Tools and machines (b) Fertilisers and pesticides
(c) Soil (d) Seeds
Q.4. Which of the following is a standard unit of measurement of land?
(a) Bigha (b) Hectare
(c) Acre (d) Guintha
Q.5. The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by the government is
(a) Rs. 50 (b) Rs. 60
(c) Rs. 70 (d) Rs. 80
Q.6. Money in hand is an example of
(a) Human capital (b) Fixed capital
(c) Working capital (d) Physical capital
Q.7. HYV seeds stands for
(a) Heavy yielding variety seeds (b) High yielding variety seeds
(c) Half yielding variety seeds (d) None
Q.8. What is the main production activity in Palampur village?
(a) Farming (b) Animal husbandry
(c) Transport (d) Small-scale manufacturing
Q.9. Multiple cropping means growing
(a) only two crops (b) only three crops
(c) upto four crops (d) more than one crop
Q.10. Land under cultivation (in million hectares) in India in the year 2000 was
(a) 120 (b) 130
(c) 140 (d) 150
Q.11. Which area in India has a low level of irrigation?
(a) Deccan plateau (b) Coastal regions
(c) Riverine plains (d) Both (a) and (b)
Q.12. Modern farming methods were tried in India for the first time in
(a) Punjab ( b) Western U.P.
(c) Haryana (d) All the above
Q.13. Which of the following is a modern farming method?
(a) Multiple cropping (b) Use of HYV seeds
(c) Use of chemical fertilisers (d) Both (b) and (c)
Q.14. Production of pulses (in million tonnes) in India during 2000-01 was
(a) 10 (b) 11
(c) 14 (d) 12
Q.15. Which one is a natural resource?
(a) Labour (b) Raw materials
(c) Mineral (d) None of the above
Q.16. High yielding variety seeds (HYV) were introduced to Indian farmers as a result of
(a) White Revolution (b) Green Revolution
(c) IT Revolution (d) None of the above
Q.17. Which Kharif crop is used for cattle feed?
(a) Sugarcane (b) Potato
(c) Jowar and bajra (d) Wheat
Q.18. The activities such as small manufacturing, transport, shopkeeping are referred to as
(a) Non-economic activities (b) Non-farming activities
(c) Non-traditional activities (d) Non-market activities
Q.19. High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds are developed in
(a) Research institutes (b) Factories
(c) Krishak Bharati Cooperatives (d) None of the above
Q.20. The concept of White Revolution is associated with
(a) food crops (b) milk
(c) cotton (d) pesticides
Q.21. Who is a person who puts together land, labour and capital?
(a) Moneylender (b) Entrepreneur
(c) Zamindar (d) Manager
Q.22. A farmer who works on a piece of 1 hectare of land is treated as
(a) Medium farmer (b) small farmer
(c) large farmer (d) none of the above
Q.23. Scope of farming activity is limited in Palampur due to
(a) Fixed amount of land (b) lack of irrigation
(c) lack of labour (d) none of the above
Q.24. What is done to surplus wheat in Palampur?
(a) Sold in the market (b) Destroyed
(c) Stocked by self (d) Given in charity
Q.25. Consumption of chemical fertilisers is highest in which state of India?
(a) Punjab (b) Haryana (c) Rajasthan (d) Himachal Pardesh
Q.26. People of Palampur sell milk in the near by large village named:
(a) Pitampura (b) Siliguri
(c) Shahpur (d) Raiganj
Q.27. Out of the total cultivated areas in the country, how much area is irrigated today :
(a) less than 40% (b) less than 30%
(c) less than 60% (d) less than 70%
Q.28. 'Operation Flood' is related to :
(a) control flood (b) produce fish
(c) milk production (d) grain production
Q.29. Green Revolution is related to :
(a) Milk Production (b) Grain production
(c) Fish production (d) none of these
Q.30. Where do most of the small farmers borrow money to arrange for the capital in Palampur?
(a) Banks (b) Co-operative Societies
(c) Village money lenders (d) Friends and relatives
Q.31. Which one among the following is not fixed capital?
(a) Machines (b) Buildings
(c) Tools (d) Raw materials
Q.32. Why do the farmers of Palampur follow multiple cropping? Choose the correct answer.
(a) Because the water consumption is less in this method
(b) Because this method consumes less chemical fertilisers
(c) Because this method doesn't require fertile soils
(d) Because this method is the most common way of increasing production
Q.33. Which of the following transformed the system of irrigation in Palampur?
(a) Tubewells (b) Persian wheel
(c) Rainwater harvesting (d) None of these
Q.34. How many families lives in Village Palampur?
(a) 150 (b) 250
(c) 350 (d) 450
Q.35. Which one among the following is a non-farm activity?
(a) Multiple croppping (b) Crop rotation
(c) Dairy farming (d) Modern farming
Q.36. Which one of the following is not an effect of the modern farming?
(a) Soil degradation (b) Deforestation
(c) Decrease in groundwater (d) Water pollution
Q.37. Marginal farmers are those :
(a) who use modern methods for farming
(b) who practice crop rotation for farming
(c) who did not have sufficient land for farming
(d) who use modern methods of irrigation
Q.38. Working capital stands for :
(a) Tools, machines and buildings
(b) raw materials and money in hand
(c) total share capital
(d) fixed deposits in financial institutions
Q.39. Which is the most abundant factor of production in India?
(a) Land (b) Capital
(c) Labour (d) Tools and machines
Q.40. Multiple Cropping refers to :
(a) Cultivation of wheat and rice
(b) cultivation of two crops in alternate rows
(c) cultivating more than one crop on the same field each year
(d) cultivating crops and rearing animals on the same farm
Key to MCQs
Ans.1 (a), 2 (a), 3 (a) , 4 (b), 5 (b),
6 (c), 7 (b), 8 (a), 9 (d), 10 (c),
11 (a), 12(d),13 (d),14 (b),15
(c),16 (b), 17 (c), 18 (b), 19 (a), 20 (b),
21 (b), 22 (b), 23 (a), 24 (a), 25 (a),
26 (d), 27 (a),28 (c),29 (d),30 (c),
31 (d), 32 (d), 33 (a), 34 (c), 35 (c),
36 (d), 37 (c), 38 (b), 39 (c), 40(c)
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 MARKS)
Q.1. What was the major impact of electricity on the farmers of Palampur? Explain.
2. Electric tubewell would draw water from well electrically and no manual handling required.
3. Electricity has also facilitated the harvesting of crops with electric harvesters.
Q.2. What is the basic aim of production. What are the essential four requirements for production?
Ans. Basic aim of production was to produce goods and services that we want. Four requirements for production of goods and services were:
2. Land and other natural resources like water, forests, minerals Labour, i.e. people who would do the work.
3. Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production.
4. Third requirement is physical capital, i.e. variety of inputs required at every stage during production.
5. Fourth requirement is knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land, labour and physical capital and produce an output.
Q.3. What do you mean by working capital? How does it affect the day-to-day activities in farming?
Ans. Raw materials and money in hand is known as working capital. Some money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items. Working capital is related with day-to-day activities in farming like use of seeds, pesticides, insecticides, manure, wages of labour etc. So production in farming is high for more working capital. Higher working capital would facilitate more purchase of seeds, fertilisers and wages, so higher yield would be there.
Q.4. What do you mean by Rabi crops and Kharif crops? When are they sown and harvested? Give examples also.
Ans. Rabi crops are grown in winter season (between October to December) and harvested in spring season (between mid-late April to mid-late June). Potato, wheat, barley, mustard are Rabi crops.
Kharif crops are sown in rainy season (from July to September) and harvested in autumn season. Examples of Kharif crops are jowar and bajra, sugarcane, cotton, red chillies etc.
Q.5. What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method?
Ans. To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. For example, sugarcane is sown along with wheat in winter season as sugarcane is harvested once every year. Modern farming methods are the use of improved methods and techniques to be used in agriculture to increase yield per hectare. Use of HYV seeds, insecticides, pesticides, electric tube-well etc. is modern farming methods.
Q.6. Modern farming methods require the farmers to invest more cash than before. Why? Explain.
Ans. Yes, modern farming methods like use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, electric tubewell for irrigation require higher investment in farming because they carry higher cost than traditional one. HVY seeds need more water and also chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce best results. Higher use of chemicals, cause environmental degradation also.
Q.7. What was the major disadvantage associated with HYV seeds? Explain.
Ans. 1. Biggest disadvantage associated with HYV seeds is bigger requirement of water and also chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce best results.
2. Higher yields are possible only from combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc.
3. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides degrade our environment killing necessary bacterias in soil. Poor farmers could not afford HYV seeds due to increased requirement of fertilisers and machinery.
4. New machinery replaced manual labour leading to unemployment and rural-urban migration.
Q.8. What are the various farming and non-farming activities in village Palampur?
Ans. Farming activities: Farming is the main production activity in Palampur. About 75% of the people depend upon farming for their livelihood. They use methods of multiple farming and modern farming techniques for increase in their productivity. Well-developed irrigational facilities and use of HYV seeds has improved in production levels of agriculture in Palampur.
Non-farming activities : Non farming activities in Palampur includes dairy farming. Small scale manufacturing units, shop-keeping and transportation activities. Milk is transported to nearby and far of towns. Family members, without hired labours run small manufacturing units with simple techniques shop keepsrs buy various goods from wholesale markets in cities and sell them in villages. Road transport facilities include rickshaws, tongs, jeeps, tractors, trucks and bullock carts.
Q.9. What do the scientific reports indicate about the modern farming methods? Mention any three points. Ans. Scientific reports indicate that the modern farming method has overused the natural resource base.
1. Green revolution, due to increased use of chemical fertilisers, has led to loss of soil fertility.
2. Use of ground water with due help of tube wells for irrigation has reduced the level of ground water.
3. Use of chemical fertilisers resulted in loss of soil fertility. Therefore, farmers are forced to use more and more chemical fertilisers to achieve the production level which in turn raises the cost of production.
Q.10. What are the sources of irrigation in Palampur?
Ans. Palampur holds a well developed system of irrigation. Due to introduction of electricity irrigation system transformed from Persian wheels to electric-run tube wells. Initially, the first few tube wells were installed by the government and then by mid of 1970s the entire cultivated area of 200 hectare was irrigated by privately installed tube wells.
Q.11. Explain any three types of production activities in Palampur.
Ans. (i) Farming at Palampur : Farming is the main activity in village Palampur. Land area available for farming is fixed. Expansion in production is done due to methods of multiple cropping and use of modern farming methods.
(ii) Dairy farming : Dairy is a common activity in many families of Palampur. Many families have cows and buffalos. They feed them on jowar and bajra. They sell milk either in the village or in nearby villages or town.
(iii) Small-scale manufacturing : People at Palampur are Angaged in same kind of small scale and cottage industries. Simple techniques of production are used on a small scale. Such small scale units are mostly carried at home or in fields with the help of family members. Sugarcan curshing, carpet Neaving and basket – making activities are carried under such production units.
Q.12. State any three advantages of multiple cropping. Ans. Advantages of multiple cropping are :
(a) Efficient use of land : Land is not left idle at any time of the year and therefore more efficiently used in the process of production.
(b) Increase of production : It increases the production on a piece of land during the year.
(c) Increase in income: Multiple cropping increases the agricultural income of the country as well as for the farmers.
Q.13. What is Green Revolution? Which crop is benefitted the most due to Green Revolution?
Ans. Green Revolution is a revolution of using modern farming methods for higher yield and achieving the self sufficiency in the production of wheat and rice. It includes use of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc for producing best results. Wheat is benefitted most due to Green Revolution.
Q.14. What are the problems do form labourers face in terms of employment? Explain any three problems. Ans. Problems faced by farm labourers are :
(a) Unadequate wages : Government has fixed the minimum wages as Rs 60 day but they donot usually get this amount of money.
(b) Availability of labour : Too much availability of labour forces the labourers to work on lower wages.
(c) Duration of employment : Labourers are sometimes employed on the daily wages and sometimes for the whole year. They do not have surety of job.
Q.15. Explain any three modern farming methods of Agriculture.
Ans. (i) Use of HYV seeds : Use of High Yielding Variety seeds promises larger quantity of production of foodgrains.
(ii) Use of farm machinery : Use of machinery for irrigation, harvesting, threshing etc improves the quality of work as well as reduces time consumption.
(iii) Use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides : Use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides ensure the farmers about the better upbringing of crops in quality and quantity.
Q.16. Many factors are responsible for the poor economic condition of farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali. Can you explain a few of these factors?
Ans. The factors responsible for poor economic conditions of farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali are :
(i) Use of modern farming techniques : Use of modern farming techniques make it difficult for farm labourers to get work. Tractors are used foor ploughing, harvesters for harvesting, threshers for threshing and weedicide for removing weeds. This leaves very less or no work for farm labourers.
(ii) Poorly Paid : Due to heavy competition for work among the farm labourers, people agree to work for lower wages. The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by government is Rs 60 per day but they are generally paid only half of it. This forces them to take loan from local money lenders which put them in the vicious circle of poverty.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (5 MARKS)
Q.1. What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land. Explain any four points.
OR
What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land. Explain with the help of examples.
OR
State four steps of optimal utilisation of land.
Ans. Land area under cultivation is fixed. So, the ways of increasing farm produce on the same piece of land are :
(i) Multiple cropping : It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. Under it, more than one crop is grown on the same piece of land during the year.
Indian farmers should grow atlest two main crops in a year. Some farmers have been growing a third crop also over the past twenty years
(ii) Green Revolution : It was brought in India in the late 1960s, the use of HYV (High Yielding Variety) seeds for increase in production of rice and wheat. It promised to produce much greater amount of grains on a single plant.
(iii) Use of modern technology : By the use of well developed able to cultivate their land with greater efficiency.
(iv) Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides Farmers use pumpsets for irrigation, threshers for threshing, harvesters for harvesting, tractors for floughing etc.: Use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides improves fertility of soil and reduces pest respectively for the particular period of production. This improves the quantity of production.
Q.2. Who provides labour for farming in Palampur? How are they paid for their work?
Ans. After land, labour is the second most necessary factor for production. Small farmers along with the other numbers of their family cultivate their own fields. Thus, they provide the labour required for farming themselves. Medium and large scale farmers hire farm labourers to work on their fields. Farm labourers either engaged from landless families or the families cultivating small piece of land. Farm labourers do not have any right over the crops grown on the land. They are paid in the following ways :
(i) Wages are paid to them in form of cash or kind, i.e., crops.
(ii) Government has set up minimum wages for farm labourers to be Rs 60 per day but unfortunately they do not get this much and are mostly exploited.
(iii) Sometimes poor farm labourers work for meal also.
(iv) Sometimes they are employed on daily basis and sometimes for the whole year. Thus, durations of their employment is not fixed.
Q.3. What are the four requirements for production of goods and services? Explain. OR
What are the four requirements of production? Explain with examples.
Ans. There are four requirements of production of goods and services. These requirements are known as factors of production. These are :
(i) Land : By land we mean not only the level surface but all gifts of nature which are amenable to human control, such as water, forests, minerals etc.
(ii) Labour : Manpower required to do the work. The mental and physical work done by people in an organisation comes under labour.
(iii) Physical Capital : It means a variety of inputs required at every stage during production. They can be classified as :
(a) Fixed capital : It includes tools, machines and building that can be used for production for many years.
(b) Working capital : Money in land and raw material that has to be used in current products are included in working capital.
(iv) Enterprise : It means need of knowledge and enterprise to put together all other factors of production and ability to sell the produce in the market. This is also called human capital.
Q.4. What is Green Revolution? Explain some of its features.
Ans. Green Revolution is a revoluton with farmers using modern methods for higher yields and achieving self- sufficiency in the production of wheat and rice. It includes use of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, irrigation,chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc for producing best results. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try it in the late 1960s. Factors responsible for Green Revolution are :
(i) Increase in yield : HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grains on a single plant. As a result, the same piece of land produce for larger quantities of food grains.
(ii) Use of modern technology : Use of modern technology like tractors, harvesters, tubewells etc have made the implementation of green revolution possible in the environment.
(iii) Use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides : Unlike traditional fertilisers and manures, useof chemical
fertilisers has increased as a requirement with HYV seeds which improves the quality and quantity of the produce.
Q.5. Explain any two positive and two negative effects of Green Revolution. OR
Explain two achievements and two drawbacks of Green Revolution in Indian agriculture.
Ans. Green Revolution was started in the late 1960s with an aim of achieving self sufficiency in the production of grains like wheat and rice. Two positive effects and achievements of green revolution are :
(i) Increase in productivity of grains : Use of HYV seeds produced much more amount of wheat and rice in comparison to traditional seeds.
(ii) Modernisation of agriculture : HYV seeds required well-developed irrigation, use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Use of farm machinery has also encouraged in the green revolution which resulted in development and modernisaton of agriculture. It also increased the surplus in the field of agriculture.
Two Negative effects and drawbacks of Green Revolution :
(i) Decline in fertility of soil : Too much use of chemical fertilisers resulted in decline of fertility of soil. Farmers have to use more and more chemical fertilisers which increases the lost of production.
(ii) Level of groundwater : Use of groundwater for cultivation with the help of tube wells have caused decline in level of ground water.
Q.6. Is Palampur a developed village? Explain by presenting four arguments. OR How can you say that Palampur is a well developed village?
Ans. Palampur is a well developed village. This can be made clear from the following arguments :
(i) Multiple cropping : Farmers of Palampur have adapted multiple cropping. They plant three crops on a year and never leave their land idle.
(ii) Modern facilities of agriculture : They have a well developed system of irrigation.
Electricity came early in Palampur. They use modern machinery like tractors, harvesters etc for farming. Use of HYV seeds and chemical fertilisers is also noticed in Palampur.
(iii) Markets and Education : There are small markets setup in Palampur which have all the daily need commodities available. Kareem is also running computer classes and a good number of students are learning there. High schools and education for women is available here.
(iv) Transportation : People of Palampur have facilities of transporting goods to other towns and village with a good transportation system and well developed roads.
Q.7. What are the various ways through which farmers can get loan? Write their advantages and disadvantages.
Ans. Farmers can get loans through the following ways :
(i) Large farmers or village moneylenders : Most of the small farmers prefer taking loans from large farmers or village moneylenders. Advantages of taking loans from such sources are :
(a) They are flexible in terms and conditions of repayment and rate of interest.
(b) They know the lenders personally so get loans without collateral security.
Disadvantages:
(a) Rate of interest is very high. (b) Small farmers are exploited and are trapped in vicious circle of poverty.
(ii) Banks and cooperative societies : Although, very few number of small farmers approach banks for loan but they provide them better services. Advantages of loans from banks and cooperatives:
(a) No exploitation of farmers. (b) Uniform and nominal rate of interest for all.
Disadvantages:
(a) Needs proper security and have set terms and conditions.
HOTS
Q.1. Differentiate between fixed capital and working capital. State any four points.
Ans. Both fixed capital and working capital are the parts of physical capital required for production.
(i) Fixed Capital :
(a) It includes fixed factors of production which are used for years.
(b) Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer's plough to sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines etc.
(c) It includes tools, machines, buildings etc. (d) They remain constant for many years of production and increased or decreased only when needed.
(ii) Working Capital :
(a) It includes variable factors of production which are needed to be arranged every time at the time of production.
(b) Whatever money and raw material required for production are included in it.
(c) It is required to be arranged according to the desired production.
(d) They are dynamic depending upon the profits and income of last season.
Q.2. Explain any four non-farming activities in Palampur village.
Ans. Most of the people living in palampur village are involved in production activities. Only 25% of the people working in Palampur village are engaged in activities other than agriculture.
Various non-farm activities in Palampur village are :
(a) Dairy : It is a common activity at Palampur village. People feed their buffalos on jowar and bajra and sold their milk in Raiganj village. Two traders from Shahpur town have set up collection cum chilling centres at Raiganj from where the milk is transported to far away towns and cities.
(b) Small scale manufacturing units : People get involved in very simple production methods in their homes only with their family members. They make baskets, pottery etc small things and sell them in the markets nearby. Shopkeepers : People get involved in trade, they buy goods from nearby whole sale markets and sell them in the village. They sell wide range of items like sugar, tea, oil, soap etc. They open shops for eatables near bus stands.
Transport : People also get involved in providing transportation services like rickshaws, tongas, jeeps, tractors, trucks, bullok cart, bagey etc. The number of people involved in transport has grown over the last several years.
Q.3. What do you mean by Green Revolution? Why was the initial impact of Green Revolution limited to wheat and only to a few regions?
Ans. 1.Green Revolution is a revolution which started in the late 1960s with an aim of achieving self-sufficiency in the production of grains like wheat and rice.
2. The initial impact of Green Revolution was limited to wheat and only to a few regions because initially only the farmers of Punjab, Haryana nad Uttar Pradesh by out the modern farming method in India.
3. They used tubewells for irrigation and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers and pesticides in farming.
4. Capital required for using HYV seeds was very high. Therefore small farmers and many backward regions could not use the modern techniques.
5. Use of HYV seeds require all other modern techniques of cultivation also therefore for initial time it remained
unapproachable in many backward villages and small farmers which work without electricity or own poor farm distribution.
Q.4. What is land? Suggest any three ways to sustain land.
Ans. Land is the levelled surface and other natural resources such as water, forests, minerals etc used for production of goods and services. Excessive use of chemical fertilisers or modern techniques of farming destroys land and all other natural resources. Land can be sustained through following ways :
(i) Limited use of chemical fertilisers : Chemical fertilisers should be used in a limited number and only as the per the requirement. Excessive use of chemical fertilisers destroys the fertility of land.
(ii) Crop rotation : Crops should be planted in such a way that land gets time of restore its fertility. Different nutrients are required with different lands, therefore planning of multiple cropping should be done in such a way that the land is also able to restore the lost nutrients.
(iii) Waste of chemical fertilisers : Waste of chemical fertilisers or pesticides should not be thrown in the water bodies of village as this will pollute the water.
(iv) Adequate use of ground water : Ground water should be adequately used so that there is minimum wastage of ground water.
Q.5. What is the main source of capital for medium and large farmers? How is it different from the small farmers? Explain.
Ans. (a) Surplus wheat selling : Main source of capital for medium and large farmers is supply of surplus wheat in market as they own large area of cultivable land. They retain part of wheat for their own use and sell rest of wheat in market. While for small farmers, no surplus wheat is available so they arrange capital from large farmers or village moneylenders or the traders.
(b) Extra work to landowner or large farmers : In order to get loan from landowner or large farmers they have to pay higher interest rates and also extra work on their fields to repay the loan, while medium and large farmers can devote their full time to their own land.
Q.6. What was the basic aim of the ‘Green Revolution’ in India? How did it affect the market economy?
Ans. The introduction of HYV seeds and the increased use of fertilisers and irrigation are known collectively as the Green Revolution which was associated with increase in production of food grains in India and make India self-sufficient in foodgrains.
Impact of Green Revolution on market economy
(a) Increased production of foodgrains like wheat and rice : Foodgrain yields continued to increase throughout
the 1980s. In financial year 1980, almost 75 percent of the total cropped area under wheat was sown with HYV seeds.
(b) Increased income disparities, higher income growth and reduced incidence of poverty : Green revolution has increased income disparities, higher income growth and reduced incidence of poverty.
