NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Chapter 5 – Industries
Page No 63:
Question 1:
Answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
(ii) What are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
(iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
(v) What are the similarities between information technology industry in Bangalore and California?
Answer:
(i) The term ‘industry’ refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods (e.g., iron and steel industry), extraction of minerals (e.g., coal mining industry) or provision of services (e.g., tourism industry).
(ii) Factors influencing the location of an industry:
(a) Availability of raw material
(b) Availability of land
(c) Adequate supply of water
(d) Adequate supply of labour
(e) Access to power
(f) Amount of capital
(g) Access to transport
(h) Presence of market
(iii) The iron and steel industry is a feeder industry whose products are used as raw materials in other industries. This is why it is referred to as the backbone of modern industry. Almost everything that we use is either made of iron or steel, or has been made using tools and machinery made of these metals.
(iv) The cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai because of its locational advantages. The warm and moist climate (ideal for spinning and weaving), the nearness to a sea port (important for importing machinery), and the availability of raw material and skilled labour are some of the factors that resulted in the growth of this industry in Mumbai.
(v) Similarities between information technology industry in Bangalore and California:
(a) Presence of high quality educational institutions, and advanced scientific and technological centres
(b) Pleasant climate and clean environment
(c) Presence of good quality, skilled workforce
(d) Access to markets
(e) Well-developed and well-connected
Question 2:
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Silicon Valley is located in
| (a) Bangalore | (b) California | (c) Ahmedabad |
(ii) Which one of the following industries is known as sunrise industry?
| (a) Iron and steel industry | (b) Cotton textile | (c) Information technology |
(iii) Which one of the following is a natural fibre?
| (a) Nylon | (b) Jute | (c) Acrylic |
Answer:
(i) Silicon Valley is located in
| (a) Bangalore | (b) California | (c) Ahmedabad |
(ii) Which one of the following industries is known as sunrise industry?
| (a) Iron and steel industry | (b) Cotton textile | (c) Information technology |
(iii) Which one of the following is a natural fibre?
| (a) Nylon | (b) Jute | (c) Acrylic |
Question 3:
Distinguish between the following
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
(ii) Public-sector and joint-sector industry
Answer:
(i)
Agro-based industry
|
Mineral-based industry
|
| Uses plant and animal products as raw materials | Uses mineral ores as raw materials |
| Source of employment for people in rural areas | Source of employment for people in rural as well as urban areas |
| Example: Dairy industry, cotton textile industry | Example: Iron and steel industry, heavy machinery industry |
(ii)
Public-sector industry
|
Joint-sector industry
|
| Owned and operated by the government | Jointly owned and operated by the government and individuals or a group of individuals |
| Example: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Steel Authority of India Limited | Example: Maruti Udyog Limited |
Question 4:
Give two examples of the following in the space provided.
(i) Raw materials: ____________ and _____________
(ii) End product: ____________ and _____________
(iii) Tertiary activities: ____________ and _____________
(iv) Agro-based industries: ____________ and _____________
(v) Cottage industries: ____________ and _____________
(vi) Co-operatives: ____________ and _____________
Answer:
(i) Raw materials: cotton and steel
(ii) End product: shirt and safety pin
(iii) Tertiary activities: banking and transport
(iv) Agro-based industries: dairy industry and cotton textile industry
(v) Cottage industries: pottery industry and basket-weaving industry
(vi) Co-operatives: Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy
